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        <h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>近期组内有脚手架相关项目的开发搭建，因为先前用过 <code>vue-cli</code>、<code>create-react-app</code> 等相关脚手架工具，对其实现的方式还是挺感兴趣的，因此趁此机会学习了解一番组内的脚手架工具的搭建，写篇文章小记一下～。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="搭建前的准备"><a href="#搭建前的准备" class="headerlink" title="搭建前的准备"></a>搭建前的准备</h3><h4 id="脚手架运作原理"><a href="#脚手架运作原理" class="headerlink" title="脚手架运作原理"></a>脚手架运作原理</h4><p>我们时常会在 <code>~/.bashrc</code> 内注册自己的 <code>alias</code> 命令，如：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> goCode=<span class="string">"cd ~/Code"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后 <code>source ~/.bashrc</code> 生效后，直接在控制台输入 <code>goCode</code> 就能够跳转至对应文件夹内了。这个指令就相当于是一个软链，告诉系统我调用它时，触发的就是其记录的代码。</p>
<p>Node 脚手架的运行其实也很类似，首先需要了解的一点就是 <code>package.json</code> 的 <code>bin</code> 字段，在安装对应的 npm 包时，它会告诉系统 <code>bin</code> 内注册的指令就是调用我这个包的指令（相当于软链），在命令行使用对应字段时就能够调用此包内的命令了。</p>
<h4 id="开发需要的包"><a href="#开发需要的包" class="headerlink" title="开发需要的包"></a>开发需要的包</h4><h5 id="交互包"><a href="#交互包" class="headerlink" title="交互包"></a>交互包</h5><ul>
<li><code>commander</code>：可以自动的解析命令和参数，用于处理用户输入的命令；</li>
<li><code>inquirer</code>：通用的命令行用户界面集合，用于和用户进行交互；</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="样式包"><a href="#样式包" class="headerlink" title="样式包"></a>样式包</h5><ul>
<li><code>chalk</code>：可以给终端的字体加上颜色；</li>
<li><code>cfonts</code>：可以添加炫酷的标题；</li>
<li><code>ora</code>：下载过程久的话，可以用于显示下载中的动画效果；</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="模板包"><a href="#模板包" class="headerlink" title="模板包"></a>模板包</h5><ul>
<li><code>download-git-repo</code>：下载并提取 git 仓库，用于下载项目模板；</li>
<li><code>ejs</code>：模板引擎，将用户提交的信息动态填充到文件中；</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="项目搭建"><a href="#项目搭建" class="headerlink" title="项目搭建"></a>项目搭建</h3><h4 id="初始化仓库结构"><a href="#初始化仓库结构" class="headerlink" title="初始化仓库结构"></a>初始化仓库结构</h4><p>在准备步骤已经说过，此需要配合使用到 <code>package.json</code> 的 <code>bin</code> 字段，参考 <a href="https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/blob/dev/packages/%40vue/cli/bin/vue.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@vue/cli</a> 的项目结构，初始化项目的结构如下：</p>
<p><img data-src="/images/init-project.jpg" alt="init"></p>
<p>然后在该项目内执行 <code>npm link</code> 挂载在系统全局的 <code>npm</code> 包列表内，就能够调用 <code>myInit</code> 指令了（控制台会打印出 “init” 内容）。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>取消挂在命令为： <code>npm unlink</code>（仍然是项目内使用）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="添加交互"><a href="#添加交互" class="headerlink" title="添加交互"></a>添加交互</h4><p>现在能够调用自己创建的指令了，接下来就需要添加一些交互信息，比如最为基础的 <code>myInit --help</code> 指令，获取全量指令列表，那么我们先需要安装 <code>commander</code> 包来处理用户提示。</p>
<p>此包的使用方式很简单，按照一下模板开发即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** 初始化实例 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> &#123; Command &#125; = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'commander'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> program = <span class="keyword">new</span> Command();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** 修改通用配置 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Head Line Tips</span></span><br><span class="line">program.name(<span class="string">'myInit'</span>).usage(<span class="string">'&lt;command&gt; [options]'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Version Options</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> currentVersion = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'../package.json'</span>).version;</span><br><span class="line">program.version(currentVersion, <span class="string">'-v, --version'</span>, <span class="string">'output the current version'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Help Options</span></span><br><span class="line">program.helpOption(<span class="string">'-h, --help'</span>, <span class="string">'output usage information'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** 添加自定义 Command 指令 */</span></span><br><span class="line">program</span><br><span class="line">  .command(<span class="string">'create &lt;projectName&gt; [opts]'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  .description(<span class="string">'Create a program use remote git model'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  .option(<span class="string">'-i, --inhert'</span>, <span class="string">'create an existed project'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  .action(<span class="function">(<span class="params">name, opts</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">`The project name is "<span class="subst">$&#123;name&#125;</span>", and the option is <span class="subst">$&#123;opts&#125;</span>`</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/** 触发调用和默认信息提示 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Default value is "process.argv"</span></span><br><span class="line">program.parse();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// None Match</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (!program.args.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  program.help();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将通用配置部分按照自己所需配置好后，后面只需要扩充 Command 指令就能够实现控制台交互的效果了。</p>
<h4 id="添加选项交互"><a href="#添加选项交互" class="headerlink" title="添加选项交互"></a>添加选项交互</h4><p>如果需要像 <code>@vue/cli</code> 创建项目的交互那样，添加可选择的内容，仅仅依靠 <code>commander</code> 是实现不了的，这时候需要配合使用 <code>inquirer</code> 来做到页面交互。</p>
<p><code>inquirer</code> 的示例也很清晰明了，可以直接看 github 文档，各种类型均有所介绍，常用的类型包括：<u>list</u>、<u>checkbox</u>、<u>input</u>、<u>list</u> 等。写法如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> inquirer = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'inquirer'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">inquirer</span><br><span class="line">  .prompt([</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      type: <span class="string">'input'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      name: <span class="string">'first_name'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      message: <span class="string">"What's your first name"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      type: <span class="string">'input'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      name: <span class="string">'last_name'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      message: <span class="string">"And what's your last name"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      type: <span class="string">'list'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      name: <span class="string">'sex'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      message: <span class="string">'Are you a girl or boy'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      choices: [<span class="string">'boy'</span>, <span class="string">'girl'</span>],</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  ])</span><br><span class="line">  .then(<span class="function"><span class="params">answers</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 结果： &#123; first_name: '', last_name: '', sex: '' &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(answers);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>inqurer</code> 部分的内容一般放在 <code>Commander</code> 的 <code>action</code> 的结果会调部分，用于更精确的处理。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="添加模板下载方法"><a href="#添加模板下载方法" class="headerlink" title="添加模板下载方法"></a>添加模板下载方法</h4><p>在交互完成后，可以像 <code>@vue/cli</code> 那样直接从远程将对应模板给下载下来，当然，下载下来的模板如果能配合先前的 <code>inquirer</code> 做自定义配置则会更好，简单弄的话直接拷贝一个模板仓库就差不多完事了，最多再调用一下 bash 指令做一下包的安装，简化一下用户操作，示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// download-vue.js</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> download = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'download-git-repo'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">res, rej</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    download(</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="string">'kazehaiya/vue-typescript-components'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="string">'repo/demo'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">err</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        err ? rej(<span class="string">'下载失败'</span>) : res(<span class="string">'下载成功'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    );</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>之后在 <code>commander</code> 的 <code>actions</code> 操作中调用该文件即可。</p>
<h4 id="优化样式"><a href="#优化样式" class="headerlink" title="优化样式"></a>优化样式</h4><p>基本的控制台交互按照上述两步走基本就 OK 了，剩下的如：控制台颜色配置、标题配置、加载中状态处理 等样式部分可以慢慢优化，代码内用的比较全的例子如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">program</span><br><span class="line">  .command(<span class="string">'download'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  .description(<span class="string">'Download Vue Template'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  .action(<span class="keyword">async</span> () =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> spinner = ora();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      spinner.start(chalk.blue(<span class="string">'模板下载中……'</span>));</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'../lib/download-vue'</span>)();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      spinner.fail(chalk.red(<span class="string">'下载失败'</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      spinner.succeed(chalk.green(<span class="string">'下载完成'</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>适当的时候使用 <code>chalk</code> 调一下控制台颜色，让输出的内容更加鲜明，然后增加一下加载效果，整体的用户体验就一下子上来了。最后如果需要的话，可以用 <code>cfonts</code> 弄一个炫酷的标题，可能会有不一样的感受：</p>
<p><img data-src="/images/title.jpg" alt="image-20210628210744365"></p>
<h3 id="仓库地址"><a href="#仓库地址" class="headerlink" title="仓库地址"></a>仓库地址</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://gitee.com/monocy/cli-demo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gitee</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kazehaiya/cli-demo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="参考文章"><a href="#参考文章" class="headerlink" title="参考文章"></a>参考文章</h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://caibaojian.com/npm/files/package.json.html#bin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package.json</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tj/commander.js/blob/HEAD/Readme_zh-CN.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Commander.js</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/SBoudrias/Inquirer.js/tree/master/packages/inquirer/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inquirer.js</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/blob/dev/packages/%40vue/cli/bin/vue.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@vue/cli</a></li>
<li><a href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844903799417470983" target="_blank" rel="noopener">前端如何搭建一个简单的脚手架</a></li>
<li><a href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844904038987726856#heading-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">从 0 搭建一个自己的前端脚手架</a></li>
<li><a href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844903806921080846" target="_blank" rel="noopener">前端如何搭建一个成熟的脚手架</a></li>
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